Smart Towns and Industry 4.0

      Authors:

1. Abdulrahman Ahmed

7. Rahul Baviskar

8. Vedang Bhange

17.Umesh Gaikwad

23.Akash Hedau

1. Introduction
Alex is a specially abled boy with very excellent guitar skills. At Morning 10:30 Alex Leaves for his school with his father in their car. His Father drops Alex , and wents to the office in evenings Father picks him up after his guitar lessons at 5:30 in evening. Alex enjoys automatically turning on and off of street lights as their Car passes through the street. They have to go to a party in the hotel, Father puts location of destination, and a message pops up that their parking in that hotel is booked, but apparently Alex loses his balance while enjoying the up door of his car and falls on his father who is driving. His father loses control over the steering of the car and the car crashes up to the divider. Now this is the situation because there is no one on that street. Father has lost consciousness and Alex is unable to move out of the upside down car.Who will help? But here the car intercepts the possibility of an accident and alerts nearby hospitals. In a few minutes an ambulance arrives at the spot and rescues them to hospital. A life is saved. This two minutes of imagination of the above story gives us an intent of smart towns integrated with technology where all the public amenities and devices are connected to each other through a network(Internet) and it does not always need human decision makers. They themselves can be saviors with enabled AI and Predictive analytical systems giving effective output whenever required. But Why do we need them ? The answer is
• Around 54% of the worldwide population live in cities, and it is expected to reach to 66% by the end of 2050.
• As per the growth in the population, around the next three decades urbanization will add another 2.5 billion people to cities.
• Economic, social as well as environmental is must to keep the space with this rapid expansion taxing our cities’ resources.
• Around one hundred and ninety three countries agreed upon the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) agenda in September of 2015 at the United Nations.
In the age of Industry 4.0 where all all the nascent technologies like Iot, ML based AI, Big data analytics get unified with pre existing social systems and Public infrastructure, It give rise to the idea of smart Towns and Cities where every subsystem of it which is individually a completely new system can jointly learn from the past data creating its own data sets and adds value and comfort in human life.

2. What is a Smart City ?
Smart city term is used to describe the city which has physical infrastructure, public institutions, social capital and digital technologies which ensure economics, sustainable and social development, creating attractive environment for everyone, providing not only feedforward, but also feedback (about services quality or roads/ environment status) between citizens and service providers (management) [22]. The above examples once again convinces us that there is no one absolute «smart city» concept because we are still observing the changes in modern urbanization caused by digital technologies of the 4th industrial revolution. In the table below we can identify several key features of a smart city

Sr.No	Features	Contents of a smart city development
1	Smart economy	“Smart city” is a city with ICT-based economy and other Industry 4.0 technologies. That implies industries in fields of ICT as well as other “smart” industries implying ICT and new technologies in their production processes and business models.
2	Smart people	Smart city is a city, where its residents have a high level of education, ICT Skills. Smart city is a city with high quality of human and social capital.
3	Smart management (authorities) «smart regulation»	“Smart city” is a city with smart management and administration which is using new forms of interaction and communications with citizens (“e democracy”, “e-management”,).
4	Smart mobility	“Smart city” is a city with modern transport technologies, logistics and new transport systems as “smart” systems improving urban mobility and living.
5	Smart environment	“Smart city” is a city with a safe, “green” and sustainable environment, with new technologies integrated into natural conditions without environment and living hazards.
6	Smart living	“Smart city” is a city where every resident becomes a more active participant in the community, actively interacts with public and private services provided to him and determines their suitability for him in the best way. “Smart city” ensures high quality of life through cultural objects, health status, individual security, housing quality, etc.
7	Smart infrastructure	“Smart city” is a city with infrastructure based on intellectual systems, Internet of Things and other technologies of Industry 4.0.

Thus, “smart city” term is understood as a new concept and a new model of urbanization based on 4th industrial revolution [23, 24] and application of new technologies generated by development of Industry 4.0 (Internet of things, cloud computing, cyber-physical systems, big data and other technologies) for the purpose of planning, construction, management, integrated industrialization, informatization, modernization and sustainable development of modern cities.

3. Smart City Architecture
Development of IoT, has integrated system’s as well as networking(for ex: smart transport network which we use to regulate congestion) of the cyber physical systems create new opportunities for building smart cities as well as transition to smart economy based on Industry 4.0. Development of Industry 4.0 will solve some problems of resources and energy efficiency, urban production, demographic changes in megacities. Industry 4.0 makes production harmless to the urban environment. Production becomes intellectual, digital and integrated not only at the level of a simple factory or plant. Industry 4.0 technologies provide not only vertical integration linking processes within organization from design and procurement through production to logistics and service. Digital technologies create conditions for horizontal integration which is going beyond the “smart factory” and promote automated chains of value creation at local, regional, national and global levels. On the other hand, the development of “smart cities” as a goal of urban, industrial, economic, social, environmental policy promotes new industrialization and digitization of the modern economy. “Smart cities” are creating more attractive conditions for living, work, education, accumulating social and human capital, and attracting financial resources for business development. The term “smart cities” is applied not only to cities [25] but is treated today more widely. “Smart cities” can be regarded as agglomerations or “Mega hubs” of today’s digital economy.

Fig 1: Architecture of smart Cities and Industry 4.0 Integration (Diagram taken from Reference [1]) 

 Figure 1 shows the relationship between these categories. It is essential to consider development of Industry 4.0 as creation of “smart cities” and agglomerations as well as other objects like “smart factory”, “smart home”, “smart street”, “smart campuses” and others which are jointly shaping digital economy at the level of the city, region, country. 

4. Current Models 

There are many planned cities model which are either under planning or more or less implemented

Sr.NO	City  and Country	Smart Feature  and Model
1	New York , USA	congestion management system MyNYCHA mobile app and web portal free super-fast free Wi-Fi with unique communication Automated water meters My DEP Account
2	Amsterdam, Netherlands	autonomous delivery boats called ‘roboats’ shares traffic and transportation data with interested parties such as developers, who then create mapping apps
3	Copenhagen , Denmark	innovative intelligent bike system.  It is one of the smartest cities in the world which mobilizes expertise worldwide.
4	Barcelona, Spain	Sensor detected on/off of street lights
5	LINE City, Saudi Arabia	A complete smart city (Currently under planning phase)

In India , Bhopal , Indore, Bangalore and Pune are becoming smarter with more technology integration with critical infrastructure. Bhopal is smartest city as per Ministry of Housing and Urban affairs. Dehradun is developing various pan city solution.

4. Future scope

Current Challenges : 

• protecting smart cities themselves from vulnerabilities 
• defend against hacking, cyber-attacks, and data theft 
• Information is shared by multiple participants so how do we trust that these participants are exactly the same as what they are saying.
•  Personal Data privacy.

 Future is bound to be with challenges when evolution of technology, especially for town planning, is taking place. Earlier, the “smart city” concept focused more on development of “smart city” considered as a complex ecosystem whose management required provision of steady access to basic resources without damage to the environment. Subsequently, with growing impact of new “digital” technologies exerted on the process of urbanization, researchers focused on “digitalization” of public life of citizens and development of various information services. Finally, development of Industry 4.0 technologies (Internet of things, cloud computing, cyber-physical systems, big data and others) has made it possible to make whole urbanization process smarter: urban planning and construction i.e. smart home, business and production (“smart factory” and “smart economy”), management (“smart regulation”). Smart city is the future more faster we move more better the lives will be ensuring SDG 11 completion we can ensure safe and secure technology enabled future

References: 

1. Safiullin, Anton, Lyudmila Krasnyuk, and Zoya Kapelyuk. "Integration of Industry 4.0 technologies for “smart cities” development." In IOP conference series: materials science and engineering, vol. 497, no. 1, p. 012089. IOP Publishing, 2019.